ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Social distancing has led to lifestyle changes among older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence risk of sarcopenia (RS) and investigate its associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in older Brazilian adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional observational analysis of baseline data as part of the Remobilize Study. METHODS: Participants in the study were older adults (≥ 60 years), excluding those who were bedridden or institutionalized. The data collected consisted of answers about the RS (SARC-F), functional status, walking, sedentary behavior (SB), pain, comorbidity, and life space mobility. RESULTS: A total of 1,482 older adults (70 ± 8.14 years, 74% women) participated in the study, and an RS prevalence of 17.1% was found. (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.25-19.15%). The adjusted multivariate model showed a significant association between RS and functional limitation (odds ratio [OR]: 19.05; CI 13.00-28.32), comorbidity (OR: 5.11; CI 3.44-7.81), pain (OR: 4.56; CI 3.33-6.28), total walking (OR: 0.99; CI 0.99-1.00), SB of 8-10 hours (OR: 1.85; CI 1.15-2.93), and SB of > 10 hours (OR: 3.93; CI 2.48-6.22). RS was associated with mobility during the pandemic (OR: 0.97; CI 0.96-0.98). P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: During the pandemic, the prevalence of RS in older Brazilians was estimated at 17.1%. Moderate to severe functional limitation, comorbidities, presence of pain, walking, longer SB period, and reduced life space mobility significantly contributed to RS in older adults during the pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Resistance training is quoted as one of the best pathways to manage sarcopenia and progressive resistance training is supposed to improve muscle mass, strength and performance in older adults. Objective: The aim was to examine the impact of a progressive resistance exercise program (PREP) on muscle and function performance in sarcopenic community-dwelling elder women. Methods: Quasi-experimental study (pre - post intervention). Participated 18 sarcopenic community-dwelling elder women (65 years or older). PREP based on 75% of the participant's maximum load (12/wk, 3 times/wk). Main outcome measures: muscle strength of knee extensors (isokinetic dynamometry), muscle mass (dual-x ray absorptiometry - DXA), functional performance (Short Physical Performance Battery - SPPB). Paired t-test was used to evaluate differences pre and post intervention. Results: Improvements on power (p = 0.01) and peak torque (p = 0.01) were observed when measured by the isokinetic dynamometer at low speed (60º/s). Improvements on DXA (pre PREP: 5.49 kg/m2 vs. post PREP: 6.01 kg/m2; p = 0.03) and SPPB scores (pre PREP: 9.06 vs. post PREP: 10.28; p = 0.01) were also observed. Conclusion: The PREP was able to improve muscle and functional performance in sarcopenic community-dwelling elder women. This program should be considered in clinical practice.
Resumo Introdução: Exercícios com carga são uma das boas indicações de tratamento no caso da sarcopenia e o treinamento com carga progressiva pode aumentar a massa muscular, força e desempenho em idosos. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de um programa de exercícios com carga progressiva (PECP) no desempenho muscular e funcional de idosas sarcopênicas da comunidade. Métodos: Estudo quasi-experimental (pré-pós intervenção). Participaram 18 idosas sarcopênicas, da comunidade (65 anos e mais). PECP foi baseado em 75% de uma resistência máxima (12/semanas, 3 x/ semana). Medidas de desfecho: força muscular dos extensores de joelho (dinamômetro isocinético), massa muscular (dual-x ray absorptiometry - DXA), desempenho funcional (Short Physical Performance Battery - SPPB). Comparações pré-pós intervenção foi por meio do teste t-test pareado. Resultados: Houve aumento na potência (p = 0,01) e no torque (p = 0,01), observados nas medidas do isocinético em baixa velocidade (60º/s). Observou-se também aumento no DXA (5,49 kg/m2 vs. 6,01 kg/m2; p = 0,03) e melhora nos escores do SPPB (9,06 vs. 10,28; p = 0,01). Conclusão: O PECP aumentou o desempenho funcional e muscular das idosas sarcopênicas comunitárias. Este programa deve ser considerado para a prática clínica.
Resumen Introducción: Ejercicios con carga es una de las buenas indicaciones de tratamiento en el caso de la sarcopenia y el entrenamiento con carga progresiva puede aumentar la masa muscular, fuerza y desempeño en ancianos. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de un programa de ejercicios con carga progresiva (PECP) en el desempeño muscular y funcional de ancianas sarcopénicas de la comunidad. Métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental (pre-pos intervención). Participaron 18 ancianas sarcopénicas, de La comunidad (65 años y más). PECP se basó en 75% de una resistencia máxima (12/semanas, 3 x/semana). Las medidas de desenlace: fuerza muscular de los extensores de rodilla (dinamómetro isocinético), masa muscular (dual-x ray absorptiometry - DXA), desempeño funcional (Short Physical Performance Battery - SPPB). Las comparaciones pre-post-intervención fueron a través de La prueba t-test pareado. Resultados: Hubo aumento en la potencia (p = 0,01) y en el par de apriete - torque (p= 0,01), observados en las medidas del isocinético a baja velocidad (60º/s). Se observo también un aumento en el DXA (5,49 kg/m² vs. 6,01 kg/m², p = 0,03) y mejora en los escores del SPPB (9,06 vs. 10,28, p = 0,01. Conclusión: El PECP aumento el desempeño funcional y muscular de las ancianas sarcopénicas comunitarias. Este programa debe ser considerado para la práctica clínica.